Research is creative work done on a systematic basis to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity and culture. It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence and is characterized by a rigorous attention to controlling sources of error and bias. Research can be descriptive, experimental or theoretical.
When designing a research project, it is important to clearly identify the research goal and purpose. Then choose a method of gathering data that will answer the research question. The reason for selecting a specific methodology should be explained (for example, sample size, sampling methods and data collection methods). Finally, the research limitations must be addressed.
The most common types of research include descriptive, quantitative and qualitative research. In descriptive research, researchers observe a study subject without intervening, which allows them to describe the subject’s characteristics. In contrast, experimental research aims to determine the cause and effect of a particular behavior by systematically changing one or more variables and measuring the effects on the subject.
It is important that the research methods chosen match the research goal and that any ethical issues are considered. For example, research involving human subjects or animals must follow specific rules to ensure that they are treated with dignity and respect and that any harm is minimized. In addition, any experiments involving chemicals or biological agents must be conducted in a laboratory that is fully equipped with the necessary safety equipment and that all relevant regulations are followed.
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