Global conflict dynamics have undergone significant changes in recent years, influenced by factors such as geopolitics, economics and technology. In this scenario, we see the emergence of a number of new actors that influence the conflict paradigm. One important aspect is the shift in world power. With China’s increasing influence, as well as the rise of developing countries, such as India and Brazil, the global power landscape is increasingly fragmented. This has led to more complex competition, in which the old powers, especially the United States, have had to adapt to new realities. China, for example, is implementing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) policy to strengthen its position in the global economy, which often creates tensions with other countries. In this context, conflicts in the Middle East also continue with new dynamics. The civil war in Syria, as well as tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia, show that sectarian conflict plays an important role. Agreements such as the Abraham Accords also mark ongoing efforts to normalize relations, but challenges remain. In addition, the role of non-state actors such as militant groups is also detrimental to regional stability. Technology is also a key factor in today’s conflicts. Cyberwarfare, for example, is becoming a new tool in confrontation between major powers. Cyber attacks on critical infrastructure show how technology can be used as a weapon, expanding the scope of conflict without physical combat. Additionally, social media serves as an arena for propaganda and mobilization, influencing public opinion globally. The issue of climate change is becoming a new driver in global conflict. Competition for increasingly scarce resources, such as water and arable land, can fuel tensions between countries and within countries. Countries that depend on natural resources are often more vulnerable to internal conflict when climate change impacts their economies. Simultaneously, global health, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, has taken center stage. Inequalities in vaccine distribution and access to health technology are fueling tensions between rich and poor countries. More developed countries are expected to take greater responsibility, but it is often a unilateralist approach that causes tensions. This dynamic is also colored by the increasing phenomenon of populism and nationalism in various parts of the world. Many leaders have adopted more aggressive and protectionist foreign policies, adding to the burden on already complicated international relations. This attitude creates uncertainty, and can accelerate the fragmentation of existing alliances. Overall, today’s global conflicts are complex networks involving many factors. As forces change, new technologies emerge, and environmental and health challenges arise, it is difficult to predict the outcome. However, it is important for global leaders to adopt a deep understanding of these dynamics, in order to achieve sustainable peace.
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