Reform is the change or improvement of a social system, institution or law. It can also be used to refer to a specific policy or law. The word comes from the Latin “reformare” meaning “to correct, amend or emend.” It is also related to the root words for “to make better” and “to improve,” as in to improve living conditions, to help people with mental disabilities and to improve medical care.
Progressives in the early 19th century were appalled by the gap widening between working and middle class Americans and the exploitation of the poor by wealthy capitalists. Muckraking journalists like Lincoln Steffens published sensational exposés of corruption in urban politics, government graft and corporate monopolies that controlled the economy.
Across the country, groups of activists gathered to organize for reform. They came from a diverse background, ranging from well-heeled men’s club members seeking to clean up government corruption to radical activists crusading against capitalism altogether. But they shared a common belief that it was the responsibility of the state to address social problems and regulate business. They distrusted traditional party politicians, and many formed independent interest groups to pursue their causes.
Progressives focused on many issues, including efforts to refashion the federal courts and restore access to justice for all citizens. But the most important issue for them was improving the lives of ordinary Americans. They wanted to limit the power of corporations and corrupt political leaders, rebalance the tax code in favor of middle-class and low-income families, and promote economic growth for all.
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